Precautions of accidental contact to blood

Authors: Rednenko V.V., Rednenko L.I., Poplavets E.V., Brikez Yu.

Editor: Rednenko V.V.

Equipment for the practical skill:

• liquid soap
• saline
• 3% hydrogen peroxide or skin antiseptic
• container with a working solution of a chemical disinfectant: "Disinfection of dressings, PPE"
• non-sterile gloves - 1 pair
• reel adhesive plaster - 1 reel
• scissors
• a swab
• waterproof bag for medical waste disposal

Clinical situation:

• Carry out emergency contact activities with biological material according to the situation
• Any skin damage, slime, contamination of their biological materials by patients while providing them with medical care should be qualified as possible contact with material containing HIV or other agent of infectious disease!

Order of the skill performance:

Contamination of the skin with biological material with damage of the skin integrity (puncture, cut):

• immediately remove gloves
• put gloves in a container: “Disinfection of dressings, PPE”
• Wash the skin damage site under running water (if there is no water, rinse with saline)
• wash your hands with soap under running water (if there is no water, rinse with saline)
• treat the wound with 3% hydrogen peroxide or other skin antiseptic  
• if necessary, continue working - apply hygienic hand sanitizer, wear new gloves
• inform about the incident of the manager, in the health organization - and the head of the commission for the prevention of infections related to medical care (hereafter - responsible persons)  

Contamination of the skin with biological material without any damage of the skin integrity:

• rinse the contaminated  area under running water (if there is no water, rinse with saline) 
• than wash  the contaminated area with soap under running water (if there is no water, rinse with saline) 

Contamination of mucous membrane with biological material:

• immediately remove gloves with the work surface inward
• put your gloves in a container: “Disinfection of dressings, PPE”  or place in a non-soaking bag (container) for subsequent disinfection
• wash your hands with soap under running water (if there is no water, rinse with saline) 
• rinse the mucous membrane  (do not rub) under running water (if there is no water, rinse with saline)
• in case of using contact lenses and getting biological material into the eyes, thoroughly wash the mucous eye with water (if absent - physiological solution), do not remove the contact lenses, then repeat these steps after removing the contact lenses
• if biological material gets on the nasal mucosa, carefully rinse the nasal passages with a swab moistened with water (if there is no water, rinse with saline)
• wash your hands with soap under running water
• Inform responsible persons

Contamination of personal clothing, shoes with biological material:

• wash gloves (if used) without taking them off, under running water (in the absence of water - physiological solution); if at the moment of contamination by biological material PPE, personal clothes, shoes, gloves were not used, then wash hands with soap under running water (in the absence of running water - physiological solution), dry your hands, carry out hygienic antiseptic hand skin, wear gloves 
• Remove the contaminated PPE, personal clothing, change shoes and fold into non-soaking bags (container) for subsequent decontamination (PPE, replaceable shoes made of non-soaking materials can be treated with disinfectant after exposure time (and if necessary, washing with water) continue their use) 
• Remove the gloves by working surface inside
• Put the gloves in a container with a working solution of chemical disinfectant «Disinfection of dressing material, PPE» or place in a non-soaking bag (container) for subsequent decontamination
• Carry out hygienic hand sanitizer
• Treat the skin in the area of projection of PPE, personal clothing, shoes with water and soap (if PPE were not made from unsoaked materials)

In case of environmental contamination with biological material:

• biological contaminants on the surface of environmental objects are disinfected with a disinfectant solution and removed from the surface with a cloth  followed by wet cleaning