Questions for classroom knowledge assessment
Questions for classroom knowledge assessment
Topic 1: Introduction to the academic discipline "Forensic Medicine". Procedural and organizational foundations of forensic medical examination in the Republic of Belarus. Documentation of forensic medical examination
1. Definition of the concepts of forensic medicine and forensic medical examination. The main stages of the development of forensic medicine in pre-revolutionary Russia and in the USSR.
2. Formation and development of the State Committee of Forensic Examinations of the Republic of Belarus.
3. The main tasks and functions of the State Committee of Forensic Examinations of the Republic of Belarus at the present stage.
4. The system of the State Committee of Forensic Examinations of the Republic of Belarus.
5. Symbols of the State Committee of Forensic Examinations of the Republic of Belarus.
6. Development of forensic medical and forensic psychiatric examinations in the Republic of Belarus.
7. The main ethical standards and principles that forensic experts must adhere to in their professional activities;
8. Rules of conduct in the professional activities of forensic experts;
9. Relationships of forensic experts with colleagues, the procedure for resolving ethical conflicts and measures of responsibility for violating ethical standards and requirements.
10. Relationships of forensic experts with judges, officials who appointed the examination, parties to the case.
11. The purpose, tasks and objects of forensic medical examination.
12. Grounds and procedure for appointing and conducting a forensic medical examination. Cases of mandatory appointment and conduct of medical forensic examinations.
13. Definition of the concept of a state medical forensic expert. Types of practical activities of an expert.
14. Contents and components of the "Expert's Opinion". Requirements for expert conclusions.
15. Types of forensic medical examinations. Cases of mandatory conduct of a forensic medical examination by a commission of experts.
16. Rights of a state medical forensic expert.
17. Duties of a state medical forensic expert.
18. Grounds for challenging an expert during a forensic medical examination.
19. Key aspects of developing the structure of forensic medical expert institutions in the Republic of Belarus.
20. Structural organization of forensic medical expert institutions in the Republic of Belarus.
21. Legislative and departmental sources regulating the activities of a state forensic medical expert in the Republic of Belarus.
Topic: 2 Forensic thanatology. Dying and death. Cadaveric changes. Forensic medical examination of a corpse (demonstration autopsy). Sudden death of adults and children. Examination of corpses of newborns. Examination of a corpse at the scene of the incident (discovery)
1. The doctrine of death. The process of death. Characteristics of the stages of dying, terminal states, clinical and biological death. "Imaginary death".
2. Certification of death. Probable and reliable signs of death. Morphology of rapid and agonal death.
3. Cause of death. The structure and principles of constructing a forensic diagnosis.
4. Competition and combination of causes of death. Forensic classification of causes of death.
5. Rules for filling out a medical death certificate.
6. Definition of the concept of "sudden death". Brief characteristics of the main causes of sudden death in different age groups.
7. Causes of sudden death in young children.
8. Sudden death from cardiovascular diseases.
9. Sudden death from diseases of the respiratory system, gastrointestinal tract, central nervous system.
10. Sudden death from infectious diseases. Features of an autopsy on suspected death from infectious diseases.
11. What is exhumation? Features of a forensic examination of a corpse.
12. Cooling, partial drying of a corpse, conditions and mechanism of their formation. Forensic significance.
13. Cadaveric spots: mechanism of their formation, forensic significance, difference from bruises.
14. Rigor mortis, cadaveric autolysis, their development and forensic significance.
15. Putrefaction, its forensic significance.
16. Mummification, adipocere, peat tanning, conditions and mechanism of their formation, forensic significance.
17. Forensic significance of damage to a corpse by insects, rodents, domestic animals, predators, birds, inhabitants of the aquatic environment.
18. Ways and methods of establishing the time of death, the limits of their accuracy.
19. The procedure for examining a corpse by a specialist doctor at the place of its discovery. A list of questions that he must answer.
20. Which corpses are autopsied in a forensic manner. The main stages of a forensic examination of a corpse.
Topic 3: Forensic examination of individuals (outpatient appointments). Professional and official violations of health workers. Forensic examination of material evidence
1. Reasons for forensic examination of victims, suspects, accused and other persons, its organization and conduct. Examination of determining the severity of bodily injuries. Legal classification of bodily injuries by severity.
2. Examination of the state of health: simulation, dissimulation, aggravation, disaggravation, artificial diseases, self-mutilation. The importance of this type of examination of medical documents, investigative materials, examination of material evidence and reproduction of the conditions under which the injury was caused.
3. Forensic age determination: reasons, methods of examination.
4. Forensic examination of disputed paternity. Principles of molecular genetic identification
5. Sexual crimes provided for by the Criminal Code of the Republic of Belarus. Methodology of conducting examination in cases of rape, issues to be resolved.
6. Examination in cases of sodomy, issues to be resolved.
7. Examination to establish pregnancy, previous births and abortion.
8. Criminal abortion. Features and importance of examining the scene of the incident in connection with this type of abortion. Methodology of examining women with suspected criminal abortion. Forensic diagnostics of death during criminal abortion.
9. Features of deontology in forensic medical expertise.
10. Medical confidentiality: legal and deontological aspects.
11. Types of adverse outcomes in medical practice, their brief characteristics.
12. Types of improper medical care of iatrogenic nature. Accident in medical practice. Defects in the provision of medical care.
13. Legal aspects of medical intervention in human reproductive processes: artificial termination of pregnancy, assisted reproductive technologies, sterilization.
14. Criminally punishable professional offenses of medical workers.
15. What issues can be resolved during the examination of blood traces?
16. What is the participation of an expert (medical specialist) in identifying, examining, seizing and sending for examination objects similar to blood?
17. How to establish the blood origin of a stain, as well as its species?
18. What blood groups do you know, what methods are used to establish them?
19. What is the basis for determining the gender of blood in stains?
20. What is the basis for the conclusion about the possibility or impossibility of the origin of blood (in a stain) from a specific person? Is it possible to categorically state that the blood (in a stain) belongs to a specific person?
21. What is the basis for establishing the origin of a child from specific parents?
22. Is it possible to make a categorical statement about the origin of a child from a specific woman?
23. What questions can be answered by examining hair?
24. What questions can be answered by examining sperm stains?
25. What questions can be answered by examining saliva stains?
Topic 4: Forensic examination of mechanical injuries. General issues of forensic traumatology. Injuries caused by blunt hard objects. Transport injury.
1. Definition of the concepts "weapon", "instrument", "object". Morphological manifestations of mechanical injuries, their brief characteristics.
2. Inspection and description of bodily injuries.
3. Causes of death due to mechanical injuries, their morphological manifestations.
4. Mechanisms of formation and forensic significance of abrasions, bruises. Signs of a contused wound.
5. Classification of blunt hard objects. Characteristics of fractures of long tubular bones depending on the mechanism of their formation.
6. Main types of cranial vault fractures caused by blunt objects.
7. Signs of extension and flexion fractures of the ribs.
8. Forensic diagnostics of types of falls on a plane.
9. Forensic diagnostics of falls from a height of up to 10 m and from a significant height
10. Forensic diagnostics of injuries caused by chopping and cutting objects.
11. Forensic diagnostics of injuries caused by piercing, cutting, and sawing objects
12. Car injury and its types. Mechanisms of formation and features of injuries in a collision of a car with a pedestrian.
13. Car injury. Mechanism of formation and features of injuries when a wheel runs over a person's body.
14. Car injury. Mechanism of formation and features of injuries when falling out of a moving car.
15. Car injury. Mechanism of formation and features of injuries that occur to the driver and passengers in the car.
16. Railway trauma. Forensic diagnostics of injuries.
17. Aviation trauma. Features of forensic examination.
18. Shot mechanism. Internal, external and wound ballistics of a bullet. Features of injuries depending on the kinetic energy of a bullet.
19. Accompanying components of a shot, their forensic significance.
20. Signs of entrance and exit gunshot wounds.
21. Establishing the firing distance from a rifled and smoothbore weapon.
22. Characteristics of explosive trauma.
23. Characteristics of gunshot wound channels, their forensic significance.
Topic 5: Forensic examination of mechanical injuries. Injuries caused by sharp objects. Gunshot injuries.
1. Definition of the concepts "weapon", "tool". "object". Morphological manifestations of mechanical injuries, their brief characteristics.
2. Inspection and description of bodily injuries.
3. Causes of death due to mechanical injuries, their morphological manifestations.
4. Forensic diagnostics of injuries caused by chopping and cutting objects.
5. Forensic diagnostics of injuries caused by piercing, cutting, and sawing objects.
6. The mechanism of the shot. Internal, external, and wound ballistics of the bullet. Features of injuries depending on the kinetic energy of the bullet.
7. Accompanying components of the shot, their forensic significance.
8. Signs of entrance and exit gunshot wounds.
9. Establishing the firing distance from rifled and smoothbore weapons.
10. Characteristics of explosive trauma.
11. Characteristics of gunshot wound channels, their forensic significance.
Topic 6: Health disorders and death from acute oxygen starvation and exposure to physical factors. Mechanical asphyxia. Injuries from physical factors. Forensic toxicology
1. Definition of asphyxia. Classification of types of mechanical asphyxia.
2. Periods and phases of the lifetime course of asphyxia. Characteristics of general signs of mechanical asphyxia.
3. Forensic diagnostics of hanging.
4. Forensic diagnostics of strangulation with a loop.
5. Forensic diagnostics of strangulation with hands.
6. Compression asphyxia, morphological signs.
7. Closure of the airways with soft objects. Forensic diagnostics.
8. Obstructive asphyxia: closure of the airways with loose bodies, gastric contents, blood.
9. Drowning, its types. Morphological signs, laboratory research methods.
10. Signs and determination of the duration of the corpse's stay in the water.
11. Forensic diagnostics of heatstroke and sunstroke.
12. Methods for determining the area and depth of burns, the severity of bodily injuries from burns.
13. List the causes of death due to exposure to high temperatures.
14. Signs of intravital and postmortem effects of high temperatures (flames) on the human body.
15. Pathogenesis and signs of death from general hypothermia. Signs of freezing of the corpse.
16. Conditions of action of electric current on the human body, "step electricity". Pathogenesis of death due to injury by technical electricity. Immediate causes of death.
17. Forensic evidence of death from injury by technical electricity.
18. Signs of death from exposure to atmospheric electricity.
19. Pathomorphological signs of death from exposure to low barometric pressure.
20. Signs of death from exposure to high barometric pressure.
21. Definition of the concepts of poison and intoxication. Conditions of action of poisons. Classification of poisons and intoxications.
22. Features of the crime scene inspection in cases of suspected poisoning.
23. Features of forensic medical examination of corpses of persons who died from poisoning.
24. Forensic medical diagnostics of poisoning with caustic poisons (acids, alkalis).
25. Forensic medical diagnostics of poisoning with mercury, arsenic and their compounds.
26. Forensic medical diagnostics of poisoning with poisons that affect the blood.
27. Forensic medical diagnostics of poisoning with cyanide compounds.
28. Forensic medical diagnostics of poisoning with atropine, morphine, strychnine, sleeping pills.
29. Forensic medical diagnostics of poisoning with ethyl alcohol.
30. Forensic diagnostics of poisoning with alcohol substitutes and technical liquids (methyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, tetraethyl lead)
31. Forensic diagnostics of poisoning with pesticides.
32. Classification of food poisoning. Forensic diagnostics of mushroom poisoning.
33. Interpretation of positive and negative results of forensic chemical analysis.