First aid for a frostbite of feet

Authors: Simulation and Certification Center

Editor: Rednenko V.V.

Clinical situation:

Your younger brother has returned from a skiing trip and complains of numbness and pain in his feet. Upon examination, the toes of both feet are pale, slightly swollen, and cold to the touch. The victim cannot feel his toes upon palpation.

Equipment for the practical skill:

• Simulator.
• Basin of water.
• Jug of water.
• First aid kit.

The procedure for performing a practical skill

• Gently examin the affected area. 
• Rewarm the frostbitten body part (the toes of both feet):
  • seat the person on a chair;
  • pour warm water at a temperature of 25-30°C into a basin;
  • place a basin between the person's legs;
  • carefully place the person's feet in a basin of water;
  • gradually add warm water into the basin using a jug until the temperature reaches 35-38°C;
  • rewarm the affected body part in warm water until normal color and warmth returns (about 20 to 30 minutes).
• Remove person's feet from the water and dry them thoroughly but carefully with a clean soft towel.
• Place cotton or gauze pads between all toes.
• Loosely bandage the area with a dry, sterile bandage.
• Give care for hypothermia, if necessary.
• Monitor the person’s condition.